Organise everything systematically.

5 files changed, 2056 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/File_Manager/README.md b/File_Manager/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6e9deb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/File_Manager/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+```
+ln -s ~/dotfiles/File_Manager/ranger ~/.config/ranger
+```
diff --git a/File_Manager/ranger/commands.py b/File_Manager/ranger/commands.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d290e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/File_Manager/ranger/commands.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1244 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+# Copyright (C) 2009-2013  Roman Zimbelmann <hut@lavabit.com>
+# This configuration file is licensed under the same terms as ranger.
+# ===================================================================
+# This file contains ranger's commands.
+# It's all in python; lines beginning with # are comments.
+#
+# Note that additional commands are automatically generated from the methods
+# of the class ranger.core.actions.Actions.
+#
+# You can customize commands in the file ~/.config/ranger/commands.py.
+# It has the same syntax as this file.  In fact, you can just copy this
+# file there with `ranger --copy-config=commands' and make your modifications.
+# But make sure you update your configs when you update ranger.
+#
+# ===================================================================
+# Every class defined here which is a subclass of `Command' will be used as a
+# command in ranger.  Several methods are defined to interface with ranger:
+#   execute(): called when the command is executed.
+#   cancel():  called when closing the console.
+#   tab():     called when <TAB> is pressed.
+#   quick():   called after each keypress.
+#
+# The return values for tab() can be either:
+#   None: There is no tab completion
+#   A string: Change the console to this string
+#   A list/tuple/generator: cycle through every item in it
+#
+# The return value for quick() can be:
+#   False: Nothing happens
+#   True: Execute the command afterwards
+#
+# The return value for execute() and cancel() doesn't matter.
+#
+# ===================================================================
+# Commands have certain attributes and methods that facilitate parsing of
+# the arguments:
+#
+# self.line: The whole line that was written in the console.
+# self.args: A list of all (space-separated) arguments to the command.
+# self.quantifier: If this command was mapped to the key "X" and
+#      the user pressed 6X, self.quantifier will be 6.
+# self.arg(n): The n-th argument, or an empty string if it doesn't exist.
+# self.rest(n): The n-th argument plus everything that followed.  For example,
+#      If the command was "search foo bar a b c", rest(2) will be "bar a b c"
+# self.start(n): The n-th argument and anything before it.  For example,
+#      If the command was "search foo bar a b c", rest(2) will be "bar a b c"
+#
+# ===================================================================
+# And this is a little reference for common ranger functions and objects:
+#
+# self.fm: A reference to the "fm" object which contains most information
+#      about ranger.
+# self.fm.notify(string): Print the given string on the screen.
+# self.fm.notify(string, bad=True): Print the given string in RED.
+# self.fm.reload_cwd(): Reload the current working directory.
+# self.fm.thisdir: The current working directory. (A File object.)
+# self.fm.thisfile: The current file. (A File object too.)
+# self.fm.thistab.get_selection(): A list of all selected files.
+# self.fm.execute_console(string): Execute the string as a ranger command.
+# self.fm.open_console(string): Open the console with the given string
+#      already typed in for you.
+# self.fm.move(direction): Moves the cursor in the given direction, which
+#      can be something like down=3, up=5, right=1, left=1, to=6, ...
+#
+# File objects (for example self.fm.thisfile) have these useful attributes and
+# methods:
+#
+# cf.path: The path to the file.
+# cf.basename: The base name only.
+# cf.load_content(): Force a loading of the directories content (which
+#      obviously works with directories only)
+# cf.is_directory: True/False depending on whether it's a directory.
+#
+# For advanced commands it is unavoidable to dive a bit into the source code
+# of ranger.
+# ===================================================================
+
+from ranger.api.commands import *
+
+class alias(Command):
+    """:alias <newcommand> <oldcommand>
+
+    Copies the oldcommand as newcommand.
+    """
+
+    context = 'browser'
+    resolve_macros = False
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if not self.arg(1) or not self.arg(2):
+            self.fm.notify('Syntax: alias <newcommand> <oldcommand>', bad=True)
+        else:
+            self.fm.commands.alias(self.arg(1), self.rest(2))
+
+class cd(Command):
+    """:cd [-r] <dirname>
+
+    The cd command changes the directory.
+    The command 'cd -' is equivalent to typing ``.
+    Using the option "-r" will get you to the real path.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        import os.path
+        if self.arg(1) == '-r':
+            self.shift()
+            destination = os.path.realpath(self.rest(1))
+            if os.path.isfile(destination):
+                destination = os.path.dirname(destination)
+        else:
+            destination = self.rest(1)
+
+        if not destination:
+            destination = '~'
+
+        if destination == '-':
+            self.fm.enter_bookmark('`')
+        else:
+            self.fm.cd(destination)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        import os
+        from os.path import dirname, basename, expanduser, join
+
+        cwd = self.fm.thisdir.path
+        rel_dest = self.rest(1)
+
+        bookmarks = [v.path for v in self.fm.bookmarks.dct.values()
+                if rel_dest in v.path ]
+
+        # expand the tilde into the user directory
+        if rel_dest.startswith('~'):
+            rel_dest = expanduser(rel_dest)
+
+        # define some shortcuts
+        abs_dest = join(cwd, rel_dest)
+        abs_dirname = dirname(abs_dest)
+        rel_basename = basename(rel_dest)
+        rel_dirname = dirname(rel_dest)
+
+        try:
+            # are we at the end of a directory?
+            if rel_dest.endswith('/') or rel_dest == '':
+                _, dirnames, _ = next(os.walk(abs_dest))
+
+            # are we in the middle of the filename?
+            else:
+                _, dirnames, _ = next(os.walk(abs_dirname))
+                dirnames = [dn for dn in dirnames \
+                        if dn.startswith(rel_basename)]
+        except (OSError, StopIteration):
+            # os.walk found nothing
+            pass
+        else:
+            dirnames.sort()
+            dirnames = bookmarks + dirnames
+
+            # no results, return None
+            if len(dirnames) == 0:
+                return
+
+            # one result. since it must be a directory, append a slash.
+            if len(dirnames) == 1:
+                return self.start(1) + join(rel_dirname, dirnames[0]) + '/'
+
+            # more than one result. append no slash, so the user can
+            # manually type in the slash to advance into that directory
+            return (self.start(1) + join(rel_dirname, dirname) for dirname in dirnames)
+
+
+class chain(Command):
+    """:chain <command1>; <command2>; ...
+
+    Calls multiple commands at once, separated by semicolons.
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        for command in self.rest(1).split(";"):
+            self.fm.execute_console(command)
+
+
+class shell(Command):
+    escape_macros_for_shell = True
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if self.arg(1) and self.arg(1)[0] == '-':
+            flags = self.arg(1)[1:]
+            command = self.rest(2)
+        else:
+            flags = ''
+            command = self.rest(1)
+
+        if not command and 'p' in flags:
+            command = 'cat %f'
+        if command:
+            if '%' in command:
+                command = self.fm.substitute_macros(command, escape=True)
+            self.fm.execute_command(command, flags=flags)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        from ranger.ext.get_executables import get_executables
+        if self.arg(1) and self.arg(1)[0] == '-':
+            command = self.rest(2)
+        else:
+            command = self.rest(1)
+        start = self.line[0:len(self.line) - len(command)]
+
+        try:
+            position_of_last_space = command.rindex(" ")
+        except ValueError:
+            return (start + program + ' ' for program \
+                    in get_executables() if program.startswith(command))
+        if position_of_last_space == len(command) - 1:
+            selection = self.fm.thistab.get_selection()
+            if len(selection) == 1:
+                return self.line + selection[0].shell_escaped_basename + ' '
+            else:
+                return self.line + '%s '
+        else:
+            before_word, start_of_word = self.line.rsplit(' ', 1)
+            return (before_word + ' ' + file.shell_escaped_basename \
+                    for file in self.fm.thisdir.files \
+                    if file.shell_escaped_basename.startswith(start_of_word))
+
+class open_with(Command):
+    def execute(self):
+        app, flags, mode = self._get_app_flags_mode(self.rest(1))
+        self.fm.execute_file(
+                files = [f for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection()],
+                app = app,
+                flags = flags,
+                mode = mode)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        return self._tab_through_executables()
+
+    def _get_app_flags_mode(self, string):
+        """Extracts the application, flags and mode from a string.
+
+        examples:
+        "mplayer f 1" => ("mplayer", "f", 1)
+        "aunpack 4" => ("aunpack", "", 4)
+        "p" => ("", "p", 0)
+        "" => None
+        """
+
+        app = ''
+        flags = ''
+        mode = 0
+        split = string.split()
+
+        if len(split) == 0:
+            pass
+
+        elif len(split) == 1:
+            part = split[0]
+            if self._is_app(part):
+                app = part
+            elif self._is_flags(part):
+                flags = part
+            elif self._is_mode(part):
+                mode = part
+
+        elif len(split) == 2:
+            part0 = split[0]
+            part1 = split[1]
+
+            if self._is_app(part0):
+                app = part0
+                if self._is_flags(part1):
+                    flags = part1
+                elif self._is_mode(part1):
+                    mode = part1
+            elif self._is_flags(part0):
+                flags = part0
+                if self._is_mode(part1):
+                    mode = part1
+            elif self._is_mode(part0):
+                mode = part0
+                if self._is_flags(part1):
+                    flags = part1
+
+        elif len(split) >= 3:
+            part0 = split[0]
+            part1 = split[1]
+            part2 = split[2]
+
+            if self._is_app(part0):
+                app = part0
+                if self._is_flags(part1):
+                    flags = part1
+                    if self._is_mode(part2):
+                        mode = part2
+                elif self._is_mode(part1):
+                    mode = part1
+                    if self._is_flags(part2):
+                        flags = part2
+            elif self._is_flags(part0):
+                flags = part0
+                if self._is_mode(part1):
+                    mode = part1
+            elif self._is_mode(part0):
+                mode = part0
+                if self._is_flags(part1):
+                    flags = part1
+
+        return app, flags, int(mode)
+
+    def _is_app(self, arg):
+        return not self._is_flags(arg) and not arg.isdigit()
+
+    def _is_flags(self, arg):
+        from ranger.core.runner import ALLOWED_FLAGS
+        return all(x in ALLOWED_FLAGS for x in arg)
+
+    def _is_mode(self, arg):
+        return all(x in '0123456789' for x in arg)
+
+
+class set_(Command):
+    """:set <option name>=<python expression>
+
+    Gives an option a new value.
+    """
+    name = 'set'  # don't override the builtin set class
+    def execute(self):
+        name = self.arg(1)
+        name, value, _ = self.parse_setting_line()
+        self.fm.set_option_from_string(name, value)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        name, value, name_done = self.parse_setting_line()
+        settings = self.fm.settings
+        if not name:
+            return sorted(self.firstpart + setting for setting in settings)
+        if not value and not name_done:
+            return (self.firstpart + setting for setting in settings \
+                    if setting.startswith(name))
+        if not value:
+            return self.firstpart + str(settings[name])
+        if bool in settings.types_of(name):
+            if 'true'.startswith(value.lower()):
+                return self.firstpart + 'True'
+            if 'false'.startswith(value.lower()):
+                return self.firstpart + 'False'
+
+
+class setlocal(set_):
+    """:setlocal path=<python string> <option name>=<python expression>
+
+    Gives an option a new value.
+    """
+    PATH_RE = re.compile(r'^\s*path="?(.*?)"?\s*$')
+    def execute(self):
+        import os.path
+        match = self.PATH_RE.match(self.arg(1))
+        if match:
+            path = os.path.normpath(os.path.expanduser(match.group(1)))
+            self.shift()
+        elif self.fm.thisdir:
+            path = self.fm.thisdir.path
+        else:
+            path = None
+
+        if path:
+            name = self.arg(1)
+            name, value, _ = self.parse_setting_line()
+            self.fm.set_option_from_string(name, value, localpath=path)
+
+
+class setintag(setlocal):
+    """:setintag <tag or tags> <option name>=<option value>
+
+    Sets an option for directories that are tagged with a specific tag.
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        tags = self.arg(1)
+        self.shift()
+        name, value, _ = self.parse_setting_line()
+        self.fm.set_option_from_string(name, value, tags=tags)
+
+
+class quit(Command):
+    """:quit
+
+    Closes the current tab.  If there is only one tab, quit the program.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if len(self.fm.tabs) <= 1:
+            self.fm.exit()
+        self.fm.tab_close()
+
+
+class quitall(Command):
+    """:quitall
+
+    Quits the program immediately.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        self.fm.exit()
+
+
+class quit_bang(quitall):
+    """:quit!
+
+    Quits the program immediately.
+    """
+    name = 'quit!'
+    allow_abbrev = False
+
+
+class terminal(Command):
+    """:terminal
+
+    Spawns an "x-terminal-emulator" starting in the current directory.
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        import os
+        from ranger.ext.get_executables import get_executables
+        command = os.environ.get('TERMCMD', os.environ.get('TERM'))
+        if command not in get_executables():
+            command = 'x-terminal-emulator'
+        if command not in get_executables():
+            command = 'xterm'
+        self.fm.run(command, flags='f')
+
+
+class delete(Command):
+    """:delete
+
+    Tries to delete the selection.
+
+    "Selection" is defined as all the "marked files" (by default, you
+    can mark files with space or v). If there are no marked files,
+    use the "current file" (where the cursor is)
+
+    When attempting to delete non-empty directories or multiple
+    marked files, it will require a confirmation.
+    """
+
+    allow_abbrev = False
+
+    def execute(self):
+        import os
+        if self.rest(1):
+            self.fm.notify("Error: delete takes no arguments! It deletes "
+                    "the selected file(s).", bad=True)
+            return
+
+        cwd = self.fm.thisdir
+        cf = self.fm.thisfile
+        if not cwd or not cf:
+            self.fm.notify("Error: no file selected for deletion!", bad=True)
+            return
+
+        confirm = self.fm.settings.confirm_on_delete
+        many_files = (cwd.marked_items or (cf.is_directory and not cf.is_link \
+                and len(os.listdir(cf.path)) > 0))
+
+        if confirm != 'never' and (confirm != 'multiple' or many_files):
+            self.fm.ui.console.ask("Confirm deletion of: %s (y/N)" %
+                ', '.join(f.basename for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection()),
+                self._question_callback, ('n', 'N', 'y', 'Y'))
+        else:
+            # no need for a confirmation, just delete
+            self.fm.delete()
+
+    def _question_callback(self, answer):
+        if answer == 'y' or answer == 'Y':
+            self.fm.delete()
+
+
+class mark_tag(Command):
+    """:mark_tag [<tags>]
+
+    Mark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.
+    When leaving out the tag argument, all tagged files are marked.
+    """
+    do_mark = True
+
+    def execute(self):
+        cwd = self.fm.thisdir
+        tags = self.rest(1).replace(" ","")
+        if not self.fm.tags:
+            return
+        for fileobj in cwd.files:
+            try:
+                tag = self.fm.tags.tags[fileobj.realpath]
+            except KeyError:
+                continue
+            if not tags or tag in tags:
+                cwd.mark_item(fileobj, val=self.do_mark)
+        self.fm.ui.status.need_redraw = True
+        self.fm.ui.need_redraw = True
+
+
+class console(Command):
+    """:console <command>
+
+    Open the console with the given command.
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        position = None
+        if self.arg(1)[0:2] == '-p':
+            try:
+                position = int(self.arg(1)[2:])
+                self.shift()
+            except:
+                pass
+        self.fm.open_console(self.rest(1), position=position)
+
+
+class load_copy_buffer(Command):
+    """:load_copy_buffer
+
+    Load the copy buffer from confdir/copy_buffer
+    """
+    copy_buffer_filename = 'copy_buffer'
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.container.file import File
+        from os.path import exists
+        try:
+            fname = self.fm.confpath(self.copy_buffer_filename)
+            f = open(fname, 'r')
+        except:
+            return self.fm.notify("Cannot open %s" % \
+                    (fname or self.copy_buffer_filename), bad=True)
+        self.fm.copy_buffer = set(File(g) \
+            for g in f.read().split("\n") if exists(g))
+        f.close()
+        self.fm.ui.redraw_main_column()
+
+
+class save_copy_buffer(Command):
+    """:save_copy_buffer
+
+    Save the copy buffer to confdir/copy_buffer
+    """
+    copy_buffer_filename = 'copy_buffer'
+    def execute(self):
+        fname = None
+        try:
+            fname = self.fm.confpath(self.copy_buffer_filename)
+            f = open(fname, 'w')
+        except:
+            return self.fm.notify("Cannot open %s" % \
+                    (fname or self.copy_buffer_filename), bad=True)
+        f.write("\n".join(f.path for f in self.fm.copy_buffer))
+        f.close()
+
+
+class unmark_tag(mark_tag):
+    """:unmark_tag [<tags>]
+
+    Unmark all tags that are tagged with either of the given tags.
+    When leaving out the tag argument, all tagged files are unmarked.
+    """
+    do_mark = False
+
+
+class mkdir(Command):
+    """:mkdir <dirname>
+
+    Creates a directory with the name <dirname>.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        from os.path import join, expanduser, lexists
+        from os import mkdir
+
+        dirname = join(self.fm.thisdir.path, expanduser(self.rest(1)))
+        if not lexists(dirname):
+            mkdir(dirname)
+        else:
+            self.fm.notify("file/directory exists!", bad=True)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        return self._tab_directory_content()
+
+
+class touch(Command):
+    """:touch <fname>
+
+    Creates a file with the name <fname>.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        from os.path import join, expanduser, lexists
+
+        fname = join(self.fm.thisdir.path, expanduser(self.rest(1)))
+        if not lexists(fname):
+            open(fname, 'a').close()
+        else:
+            self.fm.notify("file/directory exists!", bad=True)
+
+    def tab(self):
+        return self._tab_directory_content()
+
+
+class edit(Command):
+    """:edit <filename>
+
+    Opens the specified file in vim
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if not self.arg(1):
+            self.fm.edit_file(self.fm.thisfile.path)
+        else:
+            self.fm.edit_file(self.rest(1))
+
+    def tab(self):
+        return self._tab_directory_content()
+
+
+class eval_(Command):
+    """:eval [-q] <python code>
+
+    Evaluates the python code.
+    `fm' is a reference to the FM instance.
+    To display text, use the function `p'.
+
+    Examples:
+    :eval fm
+    :eval len(fm.directories)
+    :eval p("Hello World!")
+    """
+    name = 'eval'
+    resolve_macros = False
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if self.arg(1) == '-q':
+            code = self.rest(2)
+            quiet = True
+        else:
+            code = self.rest(1)
+            quiet = False
+        import ranger
+        global cmd, fm, p, quantifier
+        fm = self.fm
+        cmd = self.fm.execute_console
+        p = fm.notify
+        quantifier = self.quantifier
+        try:
+            try:
+                result = eval(code)
+            except SyntaxError:
+                exec(code)
+            else:
+                if result and not quiet:
+                    p(result)
+        except Exception as err:
+            p(err)
+
+
+class rename(Command):
+    """:rename <newname>
+
+    Changes the name of the currently highlighted file to <newname>
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.container.file import File
+        from os import access
+
+        new_name = self.rest(1)
+
+        if not new_name:
+            return self.fm.notify('Syntax: rename <newname>', bad=True)
+
+        if new_name == self.fm.thisfile.basename:
+            return
+
+        if access(new_name, os.F_OK):
+            return self.fm.notify("Can't rename: file already exists!", bad=True)
+
+        self.fm.rename(self.fm.thisfile, new_name)
+        f = File(new_name)
+        self.fm.thisdir.pointed_obj = f
+        self.fm.thisfile = f
+
+    def tab(self):
+        return self._tab_directory_content()
+
+
+class chmod(Command):
+    """:chmod <octal number>
+
+    Sets the permissions of the selection to the octal number.
+
+    The octal number is between 0 and 777. The digits specify the
+    permissions for the user, the group and others.
+
+    A 1 permits execution, a 2 permits writing, a 4 permits reading.
+    Add those numbers to combine them. So a 7 permits everything.
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        mode = self.rest(1)
+        if not mode:
+            mode = str(self.quantifier)
+
+        try:
+            mode = int(mode, 8)
+            if mode < 0 or mode > 0o777:
+                raise ValueError
+        except ValueError:
+            self.fm.notify("Need an octal number between 0 and 777!", bad=True)
+            return
+
+        for file in self.fm.thistab.get_selection():
+            try:
+                os.chmod(file.path, mode)
+            except Exception as ex:
+                self.fm.notify(ex)
+
+        try:
+            # reloading directory.  maybe its better to reload the selected
+            # files only.
+            self.fm.thisdir.load_content()
+        except:
+            pass
+
+
+class bulkrename(Command):
+    """:bulkrename
+
+    This command opens a list of selected files in an external editor.
+    After you edit and save the file, it will generate a shell script
+    which does bulk renaming according to the changes you did in the file.
+
+    This shell script is opened in an editor for you to review.
+    After you close it, it will be executed.
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        import sys
+        import tempfile
+        from ranger.container.file import File
+        from ranger.ext.shell_escape import shell_escape as esc
+        py3 = sys.version > "3"
+
+        # Create and edit the file list
+        filenames = [f.basename for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection()]
+        listfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+
+        if py3:
+            listfile.write("\n".join(filenames).encode("utf-8"))
+        else:
+            listfile.write("\n".join(filenames))
+        listfile.flush()
+        self.fm.execute_file([File(listfile.name)], app='editor')
+        listfile.seek(0)
+        if py3:
+            new_filenames = listfile.read().decode("utf-8").split("\n")
+        else:
+            new_filenames = listfile.read().split("\n")
+        listfile.close()
+        if all(a == b for a, b in zip(filenames, new_filenames)):
+            self.fm.notify("No renaming to be done!")
+            return
+
+        # Generate and execute script
+        cmdfile = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        cmdfile.write(b"# This file will be executed when you close the editor.\n")
+        cmdfile.write(b"# Please double-check everything, clear the file to abort.\n")
+        if py3:
+            cmdfile.write("\n".join("mv -vi -- " + esc(old) + " " + esc(new) \
+                for old, new in zip(filenames, new_filenames) \
+                if old != new).encode("utf-8"))
+        else:
+            cmdfile.write("\n".join("mv -vi -- " + esc(old) + " " + esc(new) \
+                for old, new in zip(filenames, new_filenames) if old != new))
+        cmdfile.flush()
+        self.fm.execute_file([File(cmdfile.name)], app='editor')
+        self.fm.run(['/bin/sh', cmdfile.name], flags='w')
+        cmdfile.close()
+
+
+class relink(Command):
+    """:relink <newpath>
+
+    Changes the linked path of the currently highlighted symlink to <newpath>
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.container.file import File
+
+        new_path = self.rest(1)
+        cf = self.fm.thisfile
+
+        if not new_path:
+            return self.fm.notify('Syntax: relink <newpath>', bad=True)
+
+        if not cf.is_link:
+            return self.fm.notify('%s is not a symlink!' % cf.basename, bad=True)
+
+        if new_path == os.readlink(cf.path):
+            return
+
+        try:
+            os.remove(cf.path)
+            os.symlink(new_path, cf.path)
+        except OSError as err:
+            self.fm.notify(err)
+
+        self.fm.reset()
+        self.fm.thisdir.pointed_obj = cf
+        self.fm.thisfile = cf
+
+    def tab(self):
+        if not self.rest(1):
+            return self.line+os.readlink(self.fm.thisfile.path)
+        else:
+            return self._tab_directory_content()
+
+
+class help_(Command):
+    """:help
+
+    Display ranger's manual page.
+    """
+    name = 'help'
+    def execute(self):
+        if self.quantifier == 1:
+            self.fm.dump_keybindings()
+        elif self.quantifier == 2:
+            self.fm.dump_commands()
+        elif self.quantifier == 3:
+            self.fm.dump_settings()
+        else:
+            self.fm.display_help()
+
+
+class copymap(Command):
+    """:copymap <keys> <newkeys1> [<newkeys2>...]
+
+    Copies a "browser" keybinding from <keys> to <newkeys>
+    """
+    context = 'browser'
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if not self.arg(1) or not self.arg(2):
+            return self.fm.notify("Not enough arguments", bad=True)
+
+        for arg in self.args[2:]:
+            self.fm.ui.keymaps.copy(self.context, self.arg(1), arg)
+
+
+class copypmap(copymap):
+    """:copypmap <keys> <newkeys1> [<newkeys2>...]
+
+    Copies a "pager" keybinding from <keys> to <newkeys>
+    """
+    context = 'pager'
+
+
+class copycmap(copymap):
+    """:copycmap <keys> <newkeys1> [<newkeys2>...]
+
+    Copies a "console" keybinding from <keys> to <newkeys>
+    """
+    context = 'console'
+
+
+class copytmap(copymap):
+    """:copycmap <keys> <newkeys1> [<newkeys2>...]
+
+    Copies a "taskview" keybinding from <keys> to <newkeys>
+    """
+    context = 'taskview'
+
+
+class unmap(Command):
+    """:unmap <keys> [<keys2>, ...]
+
+    Remove the given "browser" mappings
+    """
+    context = 'browser'
+
+    def execute(self):
+        for arg in self.args[1:]:
+            self.fm.ui.keymaps.unbind(self.context, arg)
+
+
+class cunmap(unmap):
+    """:cunmap <keys> [<keys2>, ...]
+
+    Remove the given "console" mappings
+    """
+    context = 'browser'
+
+
+class punmap(unmap):
+    """:punmap <keys> [<keys2>, ...]
+
+    Remove the given "pager" mappings
+    """
+    context = 'pager'
+
+
+class tunmap(unmap):
+    """:tunmap <keys> [<keys2>, ...]
+
+    Remove the given "taskview" mappings
+    """
+    context = 'taskview'
+
+
+class map_(Command):
+    """:map <keysequence> <command>
+
+    Maps a command to a keysequence in the "browser" context.
+
+    Example:
+    map j move down
+    map J move down 10
+    """
+    name = 'map'
+    context = 'browser'
+    resolve_macros = False
+
+    def execute(self):
+        self.fm.ui.keymaps.bind(self.context, self.arg(1), self.rest(2))
+
+
+class cmap(map_):
+    """:cmap <keysequence> <command>
+
+    Maps a command to a keysequence in the "console" context.
+
+    Example:
+    cmap <ESC> console_close
+    cmap <C-x> console_type test
+    """
+    context = 'console'
+
+
+class tmap(map_):
+    """:tmap <keysequence> <command>
+
+    Maps a command to a keysequence in the "taskview" context.
+    """
+    context = 'taskview'
+
+
+class pmap(map_):
+    """:pmap <keysequence> <command>
+
+    Maps a command to a keysequence in the "pager" context.
+    """
+    context = 'pager'
+
+
+class scout(Command):
+    """:scout [-FLAGS] <pattern>
+
+    Swiss army knife command for searching, traveling and filtering files.
+    The command takes various flags as arguments which can be used to
+    influence its behaviour:
+
+    -a = automatically open a file on unambiguous match
+    -e = open the selected file when pressing enter
+    -f = filter files that match the current search pattern
+    -g = interpret pattern as a glob pattern
+    -i = ignore the letter case of the files
+    -k = keep the console open when changing a directory with the command
+    -l = letter skipping; e.g. allow "rdme" to match the file "readme"
+    -m = mark the matching files after pressing enter
+    -M = unmark the matching files after pressing enter
+    -p = permanent filter: hide non-matching files after pressing enter
+    -s = smart case; like -i unless pattern contains upper case letters
+    -t = apply filter and search pattern as you type
+    -v = inverts the match
+
+    Multiple flags can be combined.  For example, ":scout -gpt" would create
+    a :filter-like command using globbing.
+    """
+    AUTO_OPEN       = 'a'
+    OPEN_ON_ENTER   = 'e'
+    FILTER          = 'f'
+    SM_GLOB         = 'g'
+    IGNORE_CASE     = 'i'
+    KEEP_OPEN       = 'k'
+    SM_LETTERSKIP   = 'l'
+    MARK            = 'm'
+    UNMARK          = 'M'
+    PERM_FILTER     = 'p'
+    SM_REGEX        = 'r'
+    SMART_CASE      = 's'
+    AS_YOU_TYPE     = 't'
+    INVERT          = 'v'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kws):
+        Command.__init__(self, *args, **kws)
+        self._regex = None
+        self.flags, self.pattern = self.parse_flags()
+
+    def execute(self):
+        thisdir = self.fm.thisdir
+        flags   = self.flags
+        pattern = self.pattern
+        regex   = self._build_regex()
+        count   = self._count(move=True)
+
+        self.fm.thistab.last_search = regex
+        self.fm.set_search_method(order="search")
+
+        if self.MARK in flags or self.UNMARK in flags:
+            value = flags.find(self.MARK) > flags.find(self.UNMARK)
+            if self.FILTER in flags:
+                for f in thisdir.files:
+                    thisdir.mark_item(f, value)
+            else:
+                for f in thisdir.files:
+                    if regex.search(f.basename):
+                        thisdir.mark_item(f, value)
+
+        if self.PERM_FILTER in flags:
+            thisdir.filter = regex if pattern else None
+
+        # clean up:
+        self.cancel()
+
+        if self.OPEN_ON_ENTER in flags or \
+                self.AUTO_OPEN in flags and count == 1:
+            if os.path.exists(pattern):
+                self.fm.cd(pattern)
+            else:
+                self.fm.move(right=1)
+
+        if self.KEEP_OPEN in flags and thisdir != self.fm.thisdir:
+            # reopen the console:
+            self.fm.open_console(self.line[0:-len(pattern)])
+
+        if thisdir != self.fm.thisdir and pattern != "..":
+            self.fm.block_input(0.5)
+
+    def cancel(self):
+        self.fm.thisdir.temporary_filter = None
+        self.fm.thisdir.refilter()
+
+    def quick(self):
+        asyoutype = self.AS_YOU_TYPE in self.flags
+        if self.FILTER in self.flags:
+            self.fm.thisdir.temporary_filter = self._build_regex()
+        if self.PERM_FILTER in self.flags and asyoutype:
+            self.fm.thisdir.filter = self._build_regex()
+        if self.FILTER in self.flags or self.PERM_FILTER in self.flags:
+            self.fm.thisdir.refilter()
+        if self._count(move=asyoutype) == 1 and self.AUTO_OPEN in self.flags:
+            return True
+        return False
+
+    def tab(self):
+        self._count(move=True, offset=1)
+
+    def _build_regex(self):
+        if self._regex is not None:
+            return self._regex
+
+        frmat   = "%s"
+        flags   = self.flags
+        pattern = self.pattern
+
+        if pattern == ".":
+            return re.compile("")
+
+        # Handle carets at start and dollar signs at end separately
+        if pattern.startswith('^'):
+            pattern = pattern[1:]
+            frmat = "^" + frmat
+        if pattern.endswith('$'):
+            pattern = pattern[:-1]
+            frmat += "$"
+
+        # Apply one of the search methods
+        if self.SM_REGEX in flags:
+            regex = pattern
+        elif self.SM_GLOB in flags:
+            regex = re.escape(pattern).replace("\\*", ".*").replace("\\?", ".")
+        elif self.SM_LETTERSKIP in flags:
+            regex = ".*".join(re.escape(c) for c in pattern)
+        else:
+            regex = re.escape(pattern)
+
+        regex = frmat % regex
+
+        # Invert regular expression if necessary
+        if self.INVERT in flags:
+            regex = "^(?:(?!%s).)*$" % regex
+
+        # Compile Regular Expression
+        options = re.LOCALE | re.UNICODE
+        if self.IGNORE_CASE in flags or self.SMART_CASE in flags and \
+                pattern.islower():
+            options |= re.IGNORECASE
+        try:
+            self._regex = re.compile(regex, options)
+        except:
+            self._regex = re.compile("")
+        return self._regex
+
+    def _count(self, move=False, offset=0):
+        count   = 0
+        cwd     = self.fm.thisdir
+        pattern = self.pattern
+
+        if not pattern:
+            return 0
+        if pattern == '.':
+            return 0
+        if pattern == '..':
+            return 1
+
+        deq = deque(cwd.files)
+        deq.rotate(-cwd.pointer - offset)
+        i = offset
+        regex = self._build_regex()
+        for fsobj in deq:
+            if regex.search(fsobj.basename):
+                count += 1
+                if move and count == 1:
+                    cwd.move(to=(cwd.pointer + i) % len(cwd.files))
+                    self.fm.thisfile = cwd.pointed_obj
+            if count > 1:
+                return count
+            i += 1
+
+        return count == 1
+
+
+class grep(Command):
+    """:grep <string>
+
+    Looks for a string in all marked files or directories
+    """
+
+    def execute(self):
+        if self.rest(1):
+            action = ['grep', '--line-number']
+            action.extend(['-e', self.rest(1), '-r'])
+            action.extend(f.path for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection())
+            self.fm.execute_command(action, flags='p')
+
+
+# Version control commands
+# --------------------------------
+class stage(Command):
+    """
+    :stage
+
+    Stage selected files for the corresponding version control system
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.ext.vcs import VcsError
+
+        filelist = [f.path for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection()]
+        self.fm.thisdir.vcs_outdated = True
+#        for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection():
+#            f.vcs_outdated = True
+
+        try:
+            self.fm.thisdir.vcs.add(filelist)
+        except VcsError:
+            self.fm.notify("Could not stage files.")
+
+        self.fm.reload_cwd()
+
+
+class unstage(Command):
+    """
+    :unstage
+
+    Unstage selected files for the corresponding version control system
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.ext.vcs import VcsError
+
+        filelist = [f.path for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection()]
+        self.fm.thisdir.vcs_outdated = True
+#        for f in self.fm.thistab.get_selection():
+#            f.vcs_outdated = True
+
+        try:
+            self.fm.thisdir.vcs.reset(filelist)
+        except VcsError:
+            self.fm.notify("Could not unstage files.")
+
+        self.fm.reload_cwd()
+
+
+class diff(Command):
+    """
+    :diff
+
+    Displays a diff of selected files against last last commited version
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.ext.vcs import VcsError
+        import tempfile
+
+        L = self.fm.thistab.get_selection()
+        if len(L) == 0: return
+
+        filelist = [f.path for f in L]
+        vcs = L[0].vcs
+
+        diff = vcs.get_raw_diff(filelist=filelist)
+        if len(diff.strip()) > 0:
+            tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+            tmp.write(diff.encode('utf-8'))
+            tmp.flush()
+
+            pager = os.environ.get('PAGER', ranger.DEFAULT_PAGER)
+            self.fm.run([pager, tmp.name])
+        else:
+            raise Exception("diff is empty")
+
+
+class log(Command):
+    """
+    :log
+
+    Displays the log of the current repo or files
+    """
+    def execute(self):
+        from ranger.ext.vcs import VcsError
+        import tempfile
+
+        L = self.fm.thistab.get_selection()
+        if len(L) == 0: return
+
+        filelist = [f.path for f in L]
+        vcs = L[0].vcs
+
+        log = vcs.get_raw_log(filelist=filelist)
+        tmp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile()
+        tmp.write(log.encode('utf-8'))
+        tmp.flush()
+
+        pager = os.environ.get('PAGER', ranger.DEFAULT_PAGER)
+        self.fm.run([pager, tmp.name])
diff --git a/File_Manager/ranger/rc.conf b/File_Manager/ranger/rc.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f2ccf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/File_Manager/ranger/rc.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,533 @@
+# ===================================================================
+# This file contains the default startup commands for ranger.
+# To change them, it is recommended to create the file
+# ~/.config/ranger/rc.conf and add your custom commands there.
+#
+# If you copy this whole file there, you may want to set the environment
+# variable RANGER_LOAD_DEFAULT_RC to FALSE to avoid loading it twice.
+#
+# The purpose of this file is mainly to define keybindings and settings.
+# For running more complex python code, please create a plugin in "plugins/" or
+# a command in "commands.py".
+#
+# Each line is a command that will be run before the user interface
+# is initialized.  As a result, you can not use commands which rely
+# on the UI such as :delete or :mark.
+# ===================================================================
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Options
+# ===================================================================
+
+# How many columns are there, and what are their relative widths?
+set column_ratios 1,3,4
+
+# Which files should be hidden? (regular expression)
+set hidden_filter ^\.|\.(?:pyc|pyo|bak|swp)$|^lost\+found$|^__(py)?cache__$
+
+# Show hidden files? You can toggle this by typing 'zh'
+set show_hidden false
+
+# Ask for a confirmation when running the "delete" command?
+# Valid values are "always" (default), "never", "multiple"
+# With "multiple", ranger will ask only if you delete multiple files at once.
+set confirm_on_delete multiple
+
+# Which script is used to generate file previews?
+# ranger ships with scope.sh, a script that calls external programs (see
+# README for dependencies) to preview images, archives, etc.
+set preview_script ~/.config/ranger/scope.sh
+
+# Use the external preview script or display simple plain text previews?
+set use_preview_script true
+
+# Open all images in this directory when running certain image viewers
+# like feh or sxiv?  You can still open selected files by marking them.
+set open_all_images true
+
+# Be aware of version control systems and display information.
+set vcs_aware false
+
+# State of the three backends git, hg, bzr. The possible states are
+# disabled, local (only show local info), enabled (show local and remote
+# information).
+set vcs_backend_git enabled
+set vcs_backend_hg disabled
+set vcs_backend_bzr disabled
+
+# Preview images in full color with the external command "w3mimgpreview"?
+# This requires the console web browser "w3m" and a supported terminal.
+# It has been successfully tested with "xterm" and "urxvt" without tmux.
+set preview_images true
+
+# Use a unicode "..." character to mark cut-off filenames?
+set unicode_ellipsis false
+
+# Show dotfiles in the bookmark preview box?
+set show_hidden_bookmarks true
+
+# Which colorscheme to use?  These colorschemes are available by default:
+# default, jungle, snow
+set colorscheme default
+
+# Preview files on the rightmost column?
+# And collapse (shrink) the last column if there is nothing to preview?
+set preview_files true
+set preview_directories true
+set collapse_preview true
+
+# Save the console history on exit?
+set save_console_history true
+
+# Draw the status bar on top of the browser window (default: bottom)
+set status_bar_on_top false
+
+# Draw a progress bar in the status bar which displays the average state of all
+# currently running tasks which support progress bars?
+set draw_progress_bar_in_status_bar true
+
+# Draw borders around columns?
+set draw_borders true
+
+# Display the directory name in tabs?
+set dirname_in_tabs false
+
+# Enable the mouse support?
+set mouse_enabled true
+
+# Display the file size in the main column or status bar?
+set display_size_in_main_column true
+set display_size_in_status_bar true
+
+# Display files tags in all columns or only in main column?
+set display_tags_in_all_columns true
+
+# Set a title for the window?
+set update_title false
+
+# Set the title to "ranger" in the tmux program?
+set update_tmux_title false
+
+# Shorten the title if it gets long?  The number defines how many
+# directories are displayed at once, 0 turns off this feature.
+set shorten_title 3
+
+# Abbreviate $HOME with ~ in the titlebar (first line) of ranger?
+set tilde_in_titlebar false
+
+# How many directory-changes or console-commands should be kept in history?
+set max_history_size 20
+set max_console_history_size 50
+
+# Try to keep so much space between the top/bottom border when scrolling:
+set scroll_offset 8
+
+# Flush the input after each key hit?  (Noticable when ranger lags)
+set flushinput true
+
+# Padding on the right when there's no preview?
+# This allows you to click into the space to run the file.
+set padding_right true
+
+# Save bookmarks (used with mX and `X) instantly?
+# This helps to synchronize bookmarks between multiple ranger
+# instances but leads to *slight* performance loss.
+# When false, bookmarks are saved when ranger is exited.
+set autosave_bookmarks true
+
+# You can display the "real" cumulative size of directories by using the
+# command :get_cumulative_size or typing "dc".  The size is expensive to
+# calculate and will not be updated automatically.  You can choose
+# to update it automatically though by turning on this option:
+set autoupdate_cumulative_size false
+
+# Turning this on makes sense for screen readers:
+set show_cursor false
+
+# One of: size, basename, mtime, type
+set sort natural
+
+# Additional sorting options
+set sort_reverse false
+set sort_case_insensitive true
+set sort_directories_first true
+
+# Enable this if key combinations with the Alt Key don't work for you.
+# (Especially on xterm)
+set xterm_alt_key false
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Local Options
+# ===================================================================
+# You can set local options that only affect a single directory.
+
+# Examples:
+# setlocal path=~/downloads sort mtime
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Command Aliases in the Console
+# ===================================================================
+
+alias e    edit
+alias q    quit
+alias q!   quitall
+alias qall quitall
+alias setl setlocal
+
+alias filter     scout -prt
+alias find       scout -aet
+alias mark       scout -mr
+alias unmark     scout -Mr
+alias search     scout -rs
+alias search_inc scout -rts
+alias travel     scout -aefiklst
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Define keys for the browser
+# ===================================================================
+
+# Basic
+map     Q quit!
+map     q quit
+copymap q ZZ ZQ
+
+map R     reload_cwd
+map <C-r> reset
+map <C-l> redraw_window
+map <C-c> abort
+map <esc> change_mode normal
+
+map i display_file
+map ? help
+map W display_log
+map w taskview_open
+map S shell $SHELL
+
+map :  console
+map ;  console
+map !  console shell 
+map @  console -p6 shell  %%s
+map #  console shell -p 
+map s  console shell 
+map r  chain draw_possible_programs; console open_with 
+map f  console find 
+map cd console cd 
+
+# Tagging / Marking
+map t       tag_toggle
+map ut      tag_remove
+map "<any>  tag_toggle tag=%any
+map <Space> mark_files toggle=True
+map v       mark_files all=True toggle=True
+map uv      mark_files all=True val=False
+map V       toggle_visual_mode
+map uV      toggle_visual_mode reverse=True
+
+# For the nostalgics: Midnight Commander bindings
+map <F1> help
+map <F3> display_file
+map <F4> edit
+map <F5> copy
+map <F6> cut
+map <F7> console mkdir 
+map <F8> console delete
+map <F10> exit
+
+# In case you work on a keyboard with dvorak layout
+map <UP>       move up=1
+map <DOWN>     move down=1
+map <LEFT>     move left=1
+map <RIGHT>    move right=1
+map <HOME>     move to=0
+map <END>      move to=-1
+map <PAGEDOWN> move down=1   pages=True
+map <PAGEUP>   move up=1     pages=True
+map <CR>       move right=1
+map <DELETE>   console delete
+map <INSERT>   console touch 
+
+# VIM-like
+copymap <UP>       k
+copymap <DOWN>     j
+copymap <LEFT>     h
+copymap <RIGHT>    l
+copymap <HOME>     gg
+copymap <END>      G
+copymap <PAGEDOWN> <C-F>
+copymap <PAGEUP>   <C-B>
+
+map J  move down=0.5  pages=True
+map K  move up=0.5    pages=True
+copymap J <C-D>
+copymap K <C-U>
+
+# Jumping around
+map H     history_go -1
+map L     history_go 1
+map ]     move_parent 1
+map [     move_parent -1
+map }     traverse
+
+map gh cd ~
+map ge cd /etc
+map gu cd /usr
+map gd cd /dev
+map gl cd -r .
+map gL cd -r %f
+map go cd /opt
+map gv cd /var
+map gm cd /media
+map gM cd /mnt
+map gs cd /srv
+map gr cd /
+map gR eval fm.cd(ranger.RANGERDIR)
+map g/ cd /
+map g? cd /usr/share/doc/ranger
+
+# External Programs
+map E  edit
+map du shell -p du --max-depth=1 -h --apparent-size
+map dU shell -p du --max-depth=1 -h --apparent-size | sort -rh
+map yp shell -d echo -n %d/%f | xsel -i
+map yd shell -d echo -n %d    | xsel -i
+map yn shell -d echo -n %f    | xsel -i
+
+# Filesystem Operations
+map =  chmod
+
+map cw console rename 
+map A  eval fm.open_console('rename ' + fm.thisfile.basename)
+map I  eval fm.open_console('rename ' + fm.thisfile.basename, position=7)
+
+map pp paste
+map po paste overwrite=True
+map pl paste_symlink relative=False
+map pL paste_symlink relative=True
+map phl paste_hardlink
+map pht paste_hardlinked_subtree
+
+map dd cut
+map ud uncut
+map da cut mode=add
+map dr cut mode=remove
+
+map yy copy
+map uy uncut
+map ya copy mode=add
+map yr copy mode=remove
+
+# Temporary workarounds
+map dgg eval fm.cut(dirarg=dict(to=0), narg=quantifier)
+map dG  eval fm.cut(dirarg=dict(to=-1), narg=quantifier)
+map dj  eval fm.cut(dirarg=dict(down=1), narg=quantifier)
+map dk  eval fm.cut(dirarg=dict(up=1), narg=quantifier)
+map ygg eval fm.copy(dirarg=dict(to=0), narg=quantifier)
+map yG  eval fm.copy(dirarg=dict(to=-1), narg=quantifier)
+map yj  eval fm.copy(dirarg=dict(down=1), narg=quantifier)
+map yk  eval fm.copy(dirarg=dict(up=1), narg=quantifier)
+
+# Searching
+map /  console search 
+map n  search_next
+map N  search_next forward=False
+map ct search_next order=tag
+map cs search_next order=size
+map ci search_next order=mimetype
+map cc search_next order=ctime
+map cm search_next order=mtime
+map ca search_next order=atime
+
+# Tabs
+map <C-n>     tab_new ~
+map <C-w>     tab_close
+map <TAB>     tab_move 1
+map <S-TAB>   tab_move -1
+map <A-Right> tab_move 1
+map <A-Left>  tab_move -1
+map gt        tab_move 1
+map gT        tab_move -1
+map gn        tab_new ~
+map gc        tab_close
+map uq        tab_restore
+map <a-1>     tab_open 1
+map <a-2>     tab_open 2
+map <a-3>     tab_open 3
+map <a-4>     tab_open 4
+map <a-5>     tab_open 5
+map <a-6>     tab_open 6
+map <a-7>     tab_open 7
+map <a-8>     tab_open 8
+map <a-9>     tab_open 9
+
+# Sorting
+map or toggle_option sort_reverse
+map os chain set sort=size;      set sort_reverse=False
+map ob chain set sort=basename;  set sort_reverse=False
+map on chain set sort=natural;   set sort_reverse=False
+map om chain set sort=mtime;     set sort_reverse=False
+map oc chain set sort=ctime;     set sort_reverse=False
+map oa chain set sort=atime;     set sort_reverse=False
+map ot chain set sort=type;      set sort_reverse=False
+
+map oS chain set sort=size;      set sort_reverse=True
+map oB chain set sort=basename;  set sort_reverse=True
+map oN chain set sort=natural;   set sort_reverse=True
+map oM chain set sort=mtime;     set sort_reverse=True
+map oC chain set sort=ctime;     set sort_reverse=True
+map oA chain set sort=atime;     set sort_reverse=True
+map oT chain set sort=type;      set sort_reverse=True
+
+map dc get_cumulative_size
+
+# Settings
+map zc    toggle_option collapse_preview
+map zd    toggle_option sort_directories_first
+map zh    toggle_option show_hidden
+map <C-h> toggle_option show_hidden
+map zi    toggle_option flushinput
+map zm    toggle_option mouse_enabled
+map zp    toggle_option preview_files
+map zP    toggle_option preview_directories
+map zs    toggle_option sort_case_insensitive
+map zu    toggle_option autoupdate_cumulative_size
+map zv    toggle_option use_preview_script
+map zf    console filter 
+
+# Bookmarks
+map `<any>  enter_bookmark %any
+map '<any>  enter_bookmark %any
+map m<any>  set_bookmark %any
+map um<any> unset_bookmark %any
+
+map m<bg>   draw_bookmarks
+copymap m<bg>  um<bg> `<bg> '<bg>
+
+# Generate all the chmod bindings with some python help:
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map +u{0} shell -d chmod u+{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map +g{0} shell -d chmod g+{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map +o{0} shell -d chmod o+{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map +a{0} shell -d chmod a+{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map +{0}  shell -d chmod u+{0} %s".format(arg))
+
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map -u{0} shell -d chmod u-{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map -g{0} shell -d chmod g-{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map -o{0} shell -d chmod o-{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map -a{0} shell -d chmod a-{0} %s".format(arg))
+eval for arg in "rwxXst": cmd("map -{0}  shell -d chmod u-{0} %s".format(arg))
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Define keys for the console
+# ===================================================================
+# Note: Unmapped keys are passed directly to the console.
+
+# Basic
+cmap <tab>   eval fm.ui.console.tab()
+cmap <s-tab> eval fm.ui.console.tab(-1)
+cmap <ESC>   eval fm.ui.console.close()
+cmap <CR>    eval fm.ui.console.execute()
+cmap <C-l>   redraw_window
+
+copycmap <ESC> <C-c>
+copycmap <CR>  <C-j>
+
+# Move around
+cmap <up>    eval fm.ui.console.history_move(-1)
+cmap <down>  eval fm.ui.console.history_move(1)
+cmap <left>  eval fm.ui.console.move(left=1)
+cmap <right> eval fm.ui.console.move(right=1)
+cmap <home>  eval fm.ui.console.move(right=0, absolute=True)
+cmap <end>   eval fm.ui.console.move(right=-1, absolute=True)
+
+# Line Editing
+cmap <backspace>  eval fm.ui.console.delete(-1)
+cmap <delete>     eval fm.ui.console.delete(0)
+cmap <C-w>        eval fm.ui.console.delete_word()
+cmap <C-k>        eval fm.ui.console.delete_rest(1)
+cmap <C-u>        eval fm.ui.console.delete_rest(-1)
+cmap <C-y>        eval fm.ui.console.paste()
+
+# And of course the emacs way
+copycmap <up>        <C-p>
+copycmap <down>      <C-n>
+copycmap <left>      <C-b>
+copycmap <right>     <C-f>
+copycmap <home>      <C-a>
+copycmap <end>       <C-e>
+copycmap <delete>    <C-d>
+copycmap <backspace> <C-h>
+
+# Note: There are multiple ways to express backspaces.  <backspace> (code 263)
+# and <backspace2> (code 127).  To be sure, use both.
+copycmap <backspace> <backspace2>
+
+# This special expression allows typing in numerals:
+cmap <allow_quantifiers> false
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Pager Keybindings
+# ===================================================================
+
+# Movement
+pmap  <down>      pager_move  down=1
+pmap  <up>        pager_move  up=1
+pmap  <left>      pager_move  left=4
+pmap  <right>     pager_move  right=4
+pmap  <home>      pager_move  to=0
+pmap  <end>       pager_move  to=-1
+pmap  <pagedown>  pager_move  down=1.0  pages=True
+pmap  <pageup>    pager_move  up=1.0    pages=True
+pmap  <C-d>       pager_move  down=0.5  pages=True
+pmap  <C-u>       pager_move  up=0.5    pages=True
+
+copypmap <UP>       k  <C-p>
+copypmap <DOWN>     j  <C-n> <CR>
+copypmap <LEFT>     h
+copypmap <RIGHT>    l
+copypmap <HOME>     g
+copypmap <END>      G
+copypmap <C-d>      d
+copypmap <C-u>      u
+copypmap <PAGEDOWN> n  f  <C-F>  <Space>
+copypmap <PAGEUP>   p  b  <C-B>
+
+# Basic
+pmap     <ESC> pager_close
+copypmap <ESC> q Q i <F3>
+pmap E      edit_file
+
+# ===================================================================
+# == Taskview Keybindings
+# ===================================================================
+
+# Movement
+tmap <up>        taskview_move up=1
+tmap <down>      taskview_move down=1
+tmap <home>      taskview_move to=0
+tmap <end>       taskview_move to=-1
+tmap <pagedown>  taskview_move down=1.0  pages=True
+tmap <pageup>    taskview_move up=1.0    pages=True
+tmap <C-d>       taskview_move down=0.5  pages=True
+tmap <C-u>       taskview_move up=0.5    pages=True
+
+copytmap <UP>       k  <C-p>
+copytmap <DOWN>     j  <C-n> <CR>
+copytmap <HOME>     g
+copytmap <END>      G
+copytmap <C-u>      u
+copytmap <PAGEDOWN> n  f  <C-F>  <Space>
+copytmap <PAGEUP>   p  b  <C-B>
+
+# Changing priority and deleting tasks
+tmap J          eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_move(-1)
+tmap K          eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_move(0)
+tmap dd         eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_remove()
+tmap <pagedown> eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_move(-1)
+tmap <pageup>   eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_move(0)
+tmap <delete>   eval -q fm.ui.taskview.task_remove()
+
+# Basic
+tmap <ESC> taskview_close
+copytmap <ESC> q Q w <C-c>
+
+map D delete
+
diff --git a/File_Manager/ranger/rifle.conf b/File_Manager/ranger/rifle.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b911b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/File_Manager/ranger/rifle.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+# vim: ft=cfg
+#
+# This is the configuration file of "rifle", ranger's file executor/opener.
+# Each line consists of conditions and a command.  For each line the conditions
+# are checked and if they are met, the respective command is run.
+#
+# Syntax:
+#   <condition1> , <condition2> , ... = command
+#
+# The command can contain these environment variables:
+#   $1-$9 | The n-th selected file
+#   $@    | All selected files
+#
+# If you use the special command "ask", rifle will ask you what program to run.
+#
+# Prefixing a condition with "!" will negate its result.
+# These conditions are currently supported:
+#   match <regexp> | The regexp matches $1
+#   ext <regexp>   | The regexp matches the extension of $1
+#   mime <regexp>  | The regexp matches the mime type of $1
+#   name <regexp>  | The regexp matches the basename of $1
+#   path <regexp>  | The regexp matches the absolute path of $1
+#   has <program>  | The program is installed (i.e. located in $PATH)
+#   file           | $1 is a file
+#   directory      | $1 is a directory
+#   number <n>     | change the number of this command to n
+#   terminal       | stdin, stderr and stdout are connected to a terminal
+#   X              | $DISPLAY is not empty (i.e. Xorg runs)
+#
+# There are also pseudo-conditions which have a "side effect":
+#   flag <flags>  | Change how the program is run. See below.
+#   label <label> | Assign a label or name to the command so it can
+#                 | be started with :open_with <label> in ranger
+#                 | or `rifle -p <label>` in the standalone executable.
+#   else          | Always true.
+#
+# Flags are single characters which slightly transform the command:
+#   f | Fork the program, make it run in the background.
+#     |   New command = setsid $command >& /dev/null &
+#   r | Execute the command with root permissions
+#     |   New command = sudo $command
+#   t | Run the program in a new terminal.  If $TERMCMD is not defined,
+#     | rifle will attempt to extract it from $TERM.
+#     |   New command = $TERMCMD -e $command
+# Note: The "New command" serves only as an illustration, the exact
+# implementation may differ.
+# Note: When using rifle in ranger, there is an additional flag "c" for
+# only running the current file even if you have marked multiple files.
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Directories
+#-------------------------------------------
+mime ^inode/directory, label ranger = urxvt -e ranger -- "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Websites
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Rarely installed browsers get higher priority; It is assumed that if you
+# install a rare browser, you probably use it.  Firefox/konqueror/w3m on the
+# other hand are often only installed as fallback browsers.
+
+ext x?html?, has uzbl-browser,   X, flag f = uzbl-browser -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has surf,           X, flag f = surf -- file://"$1"
+ext x?html?, has vimprobable,    X, flag f = vimprobable -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has vimprobable2,   X, flag f = vimprobable2 -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has jumanji,        X, flag f = jumanji -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has luakit,         X, flag f = luakit -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has uzbl,           X, flag f = uzbl -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has uzbl-core,      X, flag f = uzbl-core -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has midori,         X, flag f = midori -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has chromium,       X, flag f = chromium -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has opera,          X, flag f = opera -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has firefox,        X, flag f = firefox -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has seamonkey,      X, flag f = seamonkey -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has iceweasel,      X, flag f = iceweasel -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has epiphany,       X, flag f = epiphany -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has konqueror,      X, flag f = konqueror -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has elinks,          terminal = elinks "$@"
+ext x?html?, has links2,          terminal = links2 "$@"
+ext x?html?, has links,           terminal = links "$@"
+ext x?html?, has lynx,            terminal = lynx -- "$@"
+ext x?html?, has w3m,             terminal = w3m "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Misc
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Define the "editor" for text files as first action
+mime ^text,  label editor = "urxvt -e vim" -- "$@"
+mime ^text,  label pager  = "$PAGER" -- "$@"
+!mime ^text, label editor, ext xml|csv|tex|py|pl|rb|sh|php = "vim" -- "$@"
+!mime ^text, label pager,  ext xml|csv|tex|py|pl|rb|sh|php = "$PAGER" -- "$@"
+
+ext 1                         = man "$1"
+ext s[wmf]c, has zsnes, X     = zsnes "$1"
+ext nes, has fceux, X         = fceux "$1"
+ext exe                       = wine "$1"
+name ^[mM]akefile$            = make
+
+#--------------------------------------------
+# Code
+#-------------------------------------------
+ext py  = urxvt -e python -- "$1"
+ext pl  = urxvt -e perl -- "$1"
+ext rb  = urxvt -e ruby -- "$1"
+ext sh  = urxvt -e sh -- "$1"
+ext php = urxvt -e php -- "$1"
+
+#--------------------------------------------
+# Audio without X
+#-------------------------------------------
+mime ^audio|ogg$, terminal, has mplayer  = mpv -- "$@"
+mime ^audio|ogg$, terminal, has mplayer  = mplayer -- "$@"
+mime ^audio|ogg$, terminal, has mplayer2 = mplayer2 -- "$@"
+ext midi?,        terminal, has wildmidi = wildmidi -- "$@"
+
+#--------------------------------------------
+# Video/Audio with a GUI
+#-------------------------------------------
+mime ^video|audio, has mpv,      X, flag f = mpv -- "$@"
+mime ^video|audio, has gmplayer, X, flag f = gmplayer -- "$@"
+mime ^video|audio, has smplayer, X, flag f = smplayer "$@"
+mime ^video,       has mplayer2, X, flag f = mplayer2 -- "$@"
+mime ^video,       has mplayer2, X, flag f = mplayer2 -fs -- "$@"
+mime ^video,       has mplayer,  X, flag f = mplayer -- "$@"
+mime ^video,       has mplayer,  X, flag f = mplayer -fs -- "$@"
+mime ^video|audio, has vlc,      X, flag f = vlc -- "$@"
+mime ^video|audio, has totem,    X, flag f = totem -- "$@"
+mime ^video|audio, has totem,    X, flag f = totem --fullscreen -- "$@"
+
+#--------------------------------------------
+# Video without X:
+#-------------------------------------------
+mime ^video, terminal, !X, has mplayer2  = mplayer2 -- "$@"
+mime ^video, terminal, !X, has mplayer   = mplayer -- "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Image Viewing:
+#-------------------------------------------
+mime ^image, has eog,    X, flag f = eog -- "$@"
+mime ^image, has sxiv,   X, flag f = sxiv -- "$@"
+mime ^image, has feh,    X, flag f = feh -- "$@"
+mime ^image, has mirage, X, flag f = mirage -- "$@"
+mime ^image, has gimp,   X, flag f = gimp -- "$@"
+ext xcf,                 X, flag f = gimp -- "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Documents
+#-------------------------------------------
+ext pdf, has llpp,     X, flag f = llpp "$@"
+ext pdf, has zathura,  X, flag f = zathura -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has mupdf,    X, flag f = mupdf -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has apvlv,    X, flag f = apvlv -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has xpdf,     X, flag f = xpdf -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has evince,   X, flag f = evince -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has okular,   X, flag f = okular -- "$@"
+ext pdf, has epdfview, X, flag f = epdfview -- "$@"
+
+ext docx?, has catdoc,       terminal = catdoc -- "$@" | "$PAGER"
+
+ext                  sxc|xlsx?|xlt|xlw|gnm|gnumeric, has gnumeric,    X, flag f = gnumeric -- "$@"
+ext                  sxc|xlsx?|xlt|xlw|gnm|gnumeric, has kspread,     X, flag f = kspread -- "$@"
+ext od[dfgpst]|docx?|sxc|xlsx?|xlt|xlw|gnm|gnumeric, has libreoffice, X, flag f = libreoffice "$@"
+ext od[dfgpst]|docx?|sxc|xlsx?|xlt|xlw|gnm|gnumeric, has soffice,     X, flag f = soffice "$@"
+ext od[dfgpst]|docx?|sxc|xlsx?|xlt|xlw|gnm|gnumeric, has ooffice,     X, flag f = ooffice "$@"
+
+ext djvu, has evince, X, flag f = evince -- "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Archives
+#-------------------------------------------
+# This requires atool
+ext 7z|ace|ar|arc|bz2?|cab|cpio|cpt|deb|dgc|dmg|gz,  has als     = als -- "$@" | "$PAGER"
+ext iso|jar|msi|pkg|rar|shar|tar|tgz|xar|xpi|xz|zip, has als     = als -- "$@" | "$PAGER"
+ext 7z|ace|ar|arc|bz2?|cab|cpio|cpt|deb|dgc|dmg|gz,  has aunpack = aunpack -- "$@"
+ext iso|jar|msi|pkg|rar|shar|tar|tgz|xar|xpi|xz|zip, has aunpack = aunpack -- "$@"
+
+# Fallback:
+ext tar|gz, has tar = tar vvtf "$@" | "$PAGER"
+ext tar|gz, has tar = tar vvxf "$@"
+
+#-------------------------------------------
+# Misc
+#-------------------------------------------
+label wallpaper, number 11, mime ^image, X = feh --bg-scale "$1"
+label wallpaper, number 12, mime ^image, X = feh --bg-tile "$1"
+label wallpaper, number 13, mime ^image, X = feh --bg-center "$1"
+label wallpaper, number 14, mime ^image, X = feh --bg-fill "$1"
+
+# Define the editor for non-text files + pager as last action
+              !mime ^text, !ext xml|csv|tex|py|pl|rb|sh|php  = ask
+label editor, !mime ^text, !ext xml|csv|tex|py|pl|rb|sh|php  = "vim" -- "$@"
+label pager,  !mime ^text, !ext xml|csv|tex|py|pl|rb|sh|php  = "$PAGER" -- "$@"
diff --git a/File_Manager/ranger/scope.sh b/File_Manager/ranger/scope.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..64bab71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/File_Manager/ranger/scope.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+# ranger supports enhanced previews.  If the option "use_preview_script"
+# is set to True and this file exists, this script will be called and its
+# output is displayed in ranger.  ANSI color codes are supported.
+
+# NOTES: This script is considered a configuration file.  If you upgrade
+# ranger, it will be left untouched. (You must update it yourself.)
+# Also, ranger disables STDIN here, so interactive scripts won't work properly
+
+# Meanings of exit codes:
+# code | meaning    | action of ranger
+# -----+------------+-------------------------------------------
+# 0    | success    | success. display stdout as preview
+# 1    | no preview | failure. display no preview at all
+# 2    | plain text | display the plain content of the file
+# 3    | fix width  | success. Don't reload when width changes
+# 4    | fix height | success. Don't reload when height changes
+# 5    | fix both   | success. Don't ever reload
+
+# Meaningful aliases for arguments:
+path="$1"    # Full path of the selected file
+width="$2"   # Width of the preview pane (number of fitting characters)
+height="$3"  # Height of the preview pane (number of fitting characters)
+
+maxln=200    # Stop after $maxln lines.  Can be used like ls | head -n $maxln
+
+# Find out something about the file:
+mimetype=$(file --mime-type -Lb "$path")
+extension=${path##*.}
+
+# Functions:
+# runs a command and saves its output into $output.  Useful if you need
+# the return value AND want to use the output in a pipe
+try() { output=$(eval '"$@"'); }
+
+# writes the output of the previouosly used "try" command
+dump() { echo "$output"; }
+
+# a common post-processing function used after most commands
+trim() { head -n "$maxln"; }
+
+# wraps highlight to treat exit code 141 (killed by SIGPIPE) as success
+highlight() { command highlight "$@"; test $? = 0 -o $? = 141; }
+
+case "$extension" in
+    # Archive extensions:
+    7z|a|ace|alz|arc|arj|bz|bz2|cab|cpio|deb|gz|jar|lha|lz|lzh|lzma|lzo|\
+    rpm|rz|t7z|tar|tbz|tbz2|tgz|tlz|txz|tZ|tzo|war|xpi|xz|Z|zip)
+        try als "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 0; }
+        try acat "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 3; }
+        try bsdtar -lf "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 0; }
+        exit 1;;
+    rar)
+        try unrar -p- lt "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 0; } || exit 1;;
+    # PDF documents:
+    pdf)
+        try pdftotext -l 10 -nopgbrk -q "$path" - && \
+            { dump | trim | fmt -s -w $width; exit 0; } || exit 1;;
+    # BitTorrent Files
+    torrent)
+        try transmission-show "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 5; } || exit 1;;
+    # HTML Pages:
+    htm|html|xhtml)
+        try w3m    -dump "$path" && { dump | trim | fmt -s -w $width; exit 4; }
+        try lynx   -dump "$path" && { dump | trim | fmt -s -w $width; exit 4; }
+        try elinks -dump "$path" && { dump | trim | fmt -s -w $width; exit 4; }
+        ;; # fall back to highlight/cat if the text browsers fail
+esac
+
+case "$mimetype" in
+    # Syntax highlight for text files:
+    text/* | */xml)
+        try highlight --out-format=ansi "$path" && { dump | trim; exit 5; } || exit 2;;
+    # Ascii-previews of images:
+    image/*)
+        img2txt --gamma=0.6 --width="$width" "$path" && exit 4 || exit 1;;
+    # Display information about media files:
+    video/* | audio/*)
+        exiftool "$path" && exit 5
+        # Use sed to remove spaces so the output fits into the narrow window
+        try mediainfo "$path" && { dump | trim | sed 's/  \+:/: /;';  exit 5; } || exit 1;;
+esac
+
+exit 1